Procter and Gamble Culture and Diversity in Decision Making

A Brief Description of the Organization Procter and Gamble is a consumer goods corporation in America. It produces pet food, personal care products, as well as cleaning agents. Procter and Gamble are known for producing foods and beverages, but the latter sold that production line to Kellogg Company. It has received many ratings including being the fifth most admired company in the world. It is known for the best leadership development in the United States of America.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Procter and Gamble: Culture and Diversity in Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Culture of Procter and Gamble The culture of a company establishes its success or failure. Scholars have defined organizational culture as the behavior of persons that are associated with a given organization. It also includes the meaning that individuals in an organization attach to their dealings. Flamholtz and Randle (2011) avow that, organizational culture incorporates norms, values, vision, beliefs, working language and habits. Organizational culture impinges on the way people and groups interrelate internally with customers and stakeholders. Procter and Gamble is an organization that believes in upholding culture for success in business. The company has diversified across the world at an alarming rate. Ever day, Procter and Gamble continue to expand in diversified fields. This makes it vital for the organization to have a unifying way of doing things. Organizational culture is key to providing uniformity in any organization (Flamholtz Randle, 2011). The organization believes in innovativeness, aggressiveness, teamwork, risk-taking, and people orientation. Ways in Which Procter and Gamble Shows This Culture Aggressiveness Aggressiveness is a key dimension in Procter and Gamble. Aggressiveness is the degree to which employees are insistent and competitive in an organization rather than coopera tive (Martin Frost, 2011). Procter uses aggressiveness in taking over companies that are fleeing out of business and then advertising them under their name brand. All the eleven managers of Procter insist on aggressiveness on employees’ part to ensure success in business. Aggressiveness ensures the smooth running of operations in an organization where workers are self-motivated other than being dragged along by the leaders. Consequently, aggressiveness guarantees high levels of production. This is because time is well managed since nobody needs to be told what to do and when. Every person in an organization that upholds aggressiveness sees the success of the company as their success, hence motivation. People Orientation People orientation is a scale to which executive decisions take into consideration the organizations impacts on people (Flamholtz Randle, 2011). Procter’s apprehension on people orientation culture is illustrated in that; managers emphasize that peopl e are the firm’s biggest assets.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To design a means for workers to bond, the organization would put up celebrations for the employees. Events of this nature allow employees to build associations with each other outside the work setting. The company holds on to the belief that people can do amazingly great things if given an opportunity. In all the companies under Procter Gamble, employees are seen as the source of success that each organization can achieve. Innovativeness Procter Gamble is both an innovative and peril captivating organization. Managers in this company inspire employees to be innovative and creative rather than just wait to follow orders from their leaders. This motivates employees to contribute towards production in the company as well as increase the overall efficiency of the company. As a result, employees in this o rganization become more competitive due to the freshness and creativity of the operations they undertake (Martin Frost, 2011). Risk Taking Procter Gamble is an entrepreneurial organization. The business management consists of eleven members, who are entrepreneurs in their way. This enables the organization to venture into opportunities that very few businesses would risk operating. Among the characteristics of entrepreneurial business is the capacity to take risks. Employees across organizations operating under and with Procter Gamble are expected to be risk takers. This is because of the organization ventures in new business every day. Additionally, novelty and risk-taking are aspects that go together (Martin Frost, 2011). Suitable Leader and Response to Decline in Demand The best leader for Procter Gamble is a person who possesses a democratic leadership style. This is because the company is an organization that has a strong belief in people’s ability. Therefore, it re quires a leader who can justly receive other people’s contributions concerning any development in the organization as well as put significance in what other members of the organization have to say. According to Dereli (2010), democratic leaders persuade economic development through the creation of new firms, which profit economic development by generating unrelenting productivity augments through innovation-driven growth in advanced economies. In case of a decrease in the demand of product(s) or services supplied by Procter Gamble, innovativeness is the change in its culture that would require being carried out in reaction to this condition. Also, the innovative nature of Procter Gamble Company demands that managers have some sense of democracy when it comes to leadership.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Procter and Gamble: Culture and Diversity in Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Refer ences Dereli, M. (2010). Leadership Styles A Survey Research of Leadership Styles of Elementary School Principals. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller. Flamholtz, E. Randle, Y. (2011). Corporate culture the ultimate strategic asset. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Business Books. Martin, J., Frost, P. (2011). The organizational culture war games. Sociology of Organizations: Structures and Relationships, 1(1), 315. This report on Procter and Gamble: Culture and Diversity in Decision Making was written and submitted by user Cam1la to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Suppose Nottingham City Council imposes rent contr Essays - Economy

Suppose Nottingham City Council imposes rent contr Essays - Economy Suppose Nottingham City Council imposes rent control on all accommodation rented by students. Use the market model to conduct an economic analysis of the policy. There are three types of market systems. A command or planned economy, a market economy and a mixed economy . A command economy is one in which all resource allocation decisions are taken by the government. The government decid es what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce (A mess 2017) . A market economy solely uses the price mechanism : the forces of demand and supply to allocate resources and a mixed economy is a combination of both a command and market economy. Imposing rent control is an example of government intervention and this can only be done in a mixed economy where the government steps in to correct the free market. In order to impose rent control on student accommodation , Nottingham County Council will have to place a price ceiling on rent prices . A price ceiling is a maximum price level that must be set below the free market equilibrium price in order to be effective. Landlords offering student accommodation must not raise their prices above this price ceiling. As seen in the diagram, the price ceiling P max has been placed below the free market equilibrium . The law of demand states that as price increases quantity demanded decreases and vice versa, ceteris paribus. The law of supply states that as price increases quantity supplied increases and vice versa, ceteris paribus (Amess 2017) . Consequentially, the price ceiling will result in a new and higher quantity demanded Q d as a greater number of students will now be willing and able to rent student accommodation. However, the quantity supplied will fall to Q s because fewer landlords will be willing and able to offer their properties for rent. This will lead to a shortage of student accommodation in Nottingham which diagrammatically is the horizontal distance between Q d and Q s . Initially under free market conditions, the equilibrium price Pe and output Qe are Pareto efficient. Pareto Efficiency occurs when it is impossible to make anyone better off without making someone else worse off (Sloman, Wride and Garratt 2015). This can be demonstrated using the Production Possibility Curve (PPC). The PPC is a representation of all the possible combinations of two goods that an economy can produce within a specified time period with all its resources fully and efficiently employed (Sloman, Wride and Garratt 2015). Producing at any point on the PPC (points A, B, C and D) is pareto efficient because all of the economies' existing resources are being fully exploited, producing the maximum possible outputs of both student accommodation and consumer goods. Producing at a point below the PPC (point E) is not pareto efficient because the economies' existing resources are not being fully utilised as greater quantities of both consumer goods and student accommodation can be produced. Production cannot take place at a point beyond the PPC curve because the economy doesn't have sufficient resources to produce the desired quantities of both student accommodation and consumer goods. Nottingham County Council attempts to achieve point F, a point beyond the PPC, by imposing rent control which may be desirable but is currently unachievable. All other residents of Nottingham must be made worse off in order to make students better off because resources will have to be reallocated by producing fewer consumer goo ds and more student accommodations for the new demand to be met. Therefore, the output price and quantity after government intervention is not pareto efficient. The short run is a period of time in which at least one factor of production is fixed. The supply of student accommodation in the short run will be price inelastic with an elasticity of supply value less than 1. This can be represented in the market model by drawing a very steep supply curve. Price elasticity of supply (PES) is a measure of the responsiveness of demand to a change in the price of the good or service. PES equals the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in the price of the product (Amess

Customer Service Change at Wal-Mart Research Paper

Customer Service Change at Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example While all the steps are fundamental in the realization of the desired outcome, the coalition step is critical to account for. This is because it forms the foundation on which all the other steps are undertaken. The coalition step is meant to identify key potential stakeholders that are highly likely to make the whole process a success. In this respect, the chosen coalition of persons, experts, professionals, and stakeholders must be as powerful as possible in order to move the process towards the desired results (Ilozor, Peter,&Graham, 2012). Wal-Mart has a strong customer base and clientele. The coalition chosen for change purposes along this line must be in a position to understand the diversity and dynamism of this customer base and clientele (Rieley& Clarkson, 2001). The idea is to understand company trends in terms of performance, relative to the expectations of the industries it serves across the globe. For this purpose, the Wal-Mart’s coalition for change cannot be short of having evaluative skills in terms of understanding the environment that the company operates in all over the world. On the other hand, the focus of change in customer service is to enhance the company’s mode of handling its clientele or customer base.Therefore, a competitive team must be installed in the department chosen to handle change in customer service. On the same note, the coalition aspect of change management by Wal-Mart is to have a team that works together towards a common goal.This cannot be short of customer expectations.

Compare and contrast market systems and the role of an economist Research Paper

Compare and contrast market systems and the role of an economist within these systems - Research Paper Example Perfect Competition is a market system defined by a large number of buyers and sellers, similar type of products and a low cost of production (Pass, Lowes & Davies, 1993). In Perfect Competition, the role of an economist is to identify the barriers that may hamper the free play of demand and supply. Monopoly is a market system that comprises of a single seller and a product with no close substitutes (Pass, Lowes & Davies, 1993). Contrary to Perfect Competition, in a Monopoly, the seller commands a significant control over the price of the sold goods or services. Any economist dedicated to capitalism ought to extend a theoretical and ethical resistance in a monopolistic scenario. An Oligopoly is a market system dominated by a few sellers (Pass, Lowes & Davies, 1993). The products sold are usually identical or similar and are mostly associated with high cost investments, thereby discouraging the entry of the new players. The primary job of an economist in an oligopolistic market system should be to strive for a more efficient distribution of resources, thereby enabling the entry of new firms and an augmentation in

Ford Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ford - Research Paper Example The company is deeply concerned about the community within its business operation. Ford motor company operates in many parts of the world. For example, in Australia the company developed a program that provides support to the community within their plants. Community support and corporate initiatives have been Ford Motor Company responsibility since its inception after 1903. The founder of the company, Hendry Ford supported employees working for his company by providing educational support; he did this by building schools. Additionally, the founder believed and supported environmental sustainability. The founder’s legacy has been taken over by the company (Corporate Social Responsibility, n.d.). General Motors is the main competitor of Ford Motor Company in the U.S. General Motors is the biggest manufacturer of trucks and cars. Well known brands for General Motors are Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick, Opel, Daewoo and Holden. The company has both local and international operations. However, Ford Motor Company has recently gained more market shares in the U.S. The increase in market share was attributed to consumer preference of their fuel efficient engines. Some of the vehicles of Ford Motor Company in the U.S. that boosted its market share are Fusion, Escape and F-series. Additionally, Ford Motor Company performance currently is well, this evidenced from its rise in New York Stock Exchange by 3%. However, its major rival is down by 16%. The main problem of GM currently is the recalls the company made because of defective ignition switches (Blanc, 2014). Ford is faced with serious competition internationally from Toyota, Nissan, General Motors, Honda and Chrysler. The fact is that, most of the competitors’ brands are cheaper and fuel efficient than Ford Motor Company brands. However, recently, the company showed improvement internationally with an international operation contributing to 35% to stock prices (Trefis Team 2010). Ford Motor Company depends on

Role Of Science In Our Life Philosophy Essay

Role Of Science In Our Life Philosophy Essay He was nothing, quite an ordinary thing, of no importance at all. But he had a powerful but hidden tool. With the passage of time, he gradually discovered this tool, used it and turned into the most powerful creature of this planet. Who was he? Yes! This is the story of human being. And that tool used by him is science. The word science was derived from Latin word scientia (means knowledge). Science means to observe natural phenomenon occurring around us for collecting useful information and use these information for the benefit of mankind. It is regardless of the method adopted by someone. Human being of this era making researches in scientific fields with modern methods and machines and the man centuries before, observing nature and recording results, are same. Brief history of science: It is said that many centuries ago, man started his struggle in scientific field by the act of burning at such a time when he was even not familiar to the word science. As Aristotle said, man is a thinking animal. Thus man started thinking about things around him. He derived useful results from observations and started using them to make his life facilitated. It was beginning of science. Time kept on passing. As the result of struggle made by thousands of people in science, life on Earth reached the current state. No doubt science directed this journey at every step. Human beings of all times participated in development of science. Remarkable progress was made by Greeks. They discovered many things. Muslims scientists also worked in this field for five to six hundred years. They made great discoveries. For example Jabir Bin Hayan was a great scientist of chemistry. He discovered sulphuric acid as well as nitric acid. Ibn- al-Hythem made progress in optics. While Alberooni was a great geologist. How science affected daily life? Now-a-days although it is not impossible but much difficult to imagine life without different scientific inventions. For example we need vehicles to travel, cell phone and internet to communicate and other such things. We cant live without them. Science made advancements in many fields for example. A few of them are described as follow. Positive effects: Increased average human life: In the beginning life was in danger all the time. It might be harmed by many factors. If one had been born two hundred years ago, he would have had one chance in eight of living to be one year old. He would have suffered from many diseases like small pox, measles, whooping cough, scarlet fever and diphtheria before he was twelve. Yellow fever, malaria, typhus, cholera once started, spread through a community and thousands of people were to lose their lives. Life was most uncertain. A person who used to live more than thirty to forty years was indeed lucky. It is unbelievable that such conditions existed so short a time ago. The advancements made by research in medical science minimized all such risks. Today babies are born in hospitals where there is a little chance of their getting disease. They are enabled to fight against many diseases by vaccination at early stage. Different types of supplements are used in their better growth. Purification of water and food is also an important thing introduced by science in this aspect. Besides this all, medical science discovered remedy for each disease man may suffer from. A person can expect to live to be almost seventy years old. In other words, more than thirty years have been added to normal human lifes length. Improved life standard: In the beginning man is assumed to have no sense of wearing clothes, building houses, growing crops and other such things. He used to live in caves, get eatables from surroundings. When he started thinking about everything around him (making progress in scientific field in other words), he observed different things and use them for his benefit. For example he started building houses, got sense of wearing clothes, started producing different eatables and so many other things. Later on he set rules for everyone living in one community for his welfare. Thus gradually he kept on improving his life style. Transport system: Hundreds of years ago, necessities of human beings were limited. Distance between man and his needs was not large. they were able to get everything he wanted from his surroundings. Men used animals kike horse while hunting and camels and some other animals while travelling from one place to another. It took sufficiently long time if they had to go to distant places. Person related to one another mostly used to live on a single piece of land in the form of tribes. Therefore they didnt have to go anywhere to meet their relatives. But later on, as population increased, the small pieces of land were unable to provide them with their basic needs. Therefore they had to go anywhere else in search of food and other things. At that time man needed something which could make travelling easier. In this way he struggled in this field and discovered wheel. It was a huge discovery. No one knows that who discovered it for first time but it is the fact it brought a great revolution. Later on with the invention of engine and other machines, travelling became easier. Now-a-days there are fastest automobiles and supersonic planes to serve us. And at the same time for transportation of goods, we have ships. Therefore it has become very easy to travel to far off places with as much stuff as we want. It provided a lot of facilities to importers and exporters as well. With the help of modern travelling means, a person is able to return home in the evening after doing his job for the whole day at a place hundreds of miles away from his home. Thus science lessened the distances and made life faster and faster. Communication: As described above, in the past, people related to each other used to live together in the form of tribes. They could easily convey their message to the person they wanted. With the passage of time, distances between individuals were increased. Therefore people used to look for some other means of communication. At early stages, they used light blinkers for giving message to someone in the form of code at night. For conveying message to a far off place, they used to send letters through men or birds. With the invention of loud speaker, it became very easy to address to a gigantic crowed. A remarkable advancement in this field was made by Graham Bell. He was the man who invented telephone for the first time. That device namely telephone was improved later on. It served mankind in a great way. Modern cell phones are most modified form of that device. Another device namely Radio also proved very useful in communicating many people at the same time. It was for one way communication only. Its major advantage was no use of wire in communication. Thomas was the person who invented a device called T.V. It was an awesome achievement in the history of information technology. Now people were able to enjoy both sound and picture. News paper is another source of news transmission. With the help of all these sources, current updates and a lot of entertainment is available all the time for everyone. Another huge thing in the history of telecommunication is inter-net. Internet is like an ocean o f information, people and much more. One can find answer of any question by using it. He may contact to anyone, anywhere in the world. Any type of information can be shared at any level. All of these things were achieved with the help of science. Power development: It was science who taught us how to use energy available in different forms around us. Man used to burn woods to get heat (energy). All the energy from sun was wasted. By using scientific methods, we developed different techniques to make use of energy. For example, discovery of the electric current was a great job in this aspect. Later on we discovered how to convert different type of energy into electrical energy. Now we are able to use mechanical energy, solar energy and bio mass for current production. Nuclear power plants are based upon a comparatively new technology. With the help of this we make use of huge amount of energy evolved during fission and fusion. Electric current made life much facilitated and luxurious. Besides these, running vehicles by burning fuel is also an example of using chemical energy for useful purposes. Negative effects: This is a natural thing that everything which has some advantages must necessarily have some disadvantages as well. In exactly the same way, science has some negative effects too. As said by Isaac Asimov, the saddest aspect of life right now is the science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom. Although most of them are not much prominent or easily understandable but this is the fact that science is leading this planet towards a state which is quite unpredictable. That may be horrible enough not to support life. Let us see what negative effects of science are. Youngsters, being affected by media: We used science and made a lot of progress in I.T. Now-a-days almost everyone is familiar to the television, computer, cell phone and other such appliances. Especially our young generation uses to spend most of the time in texting, chatting on internet and watching programs on T.V. These are the requirements to be fulfilled if one wants to call himself Modern. They are not aware of importance of limited time. They use to spend their time in such useless things and take it to be a source of honor. It is a kind of addiction. They cant give this up. They, living in an imaginary world, feel many difficulties in real life because real life is much different than that shown on screen. They are unable to concentrate upon their studies. Most of them are aimless. They try to follow the characters shown to them in movies, plays and video games. Sometimes its not a fair practice. They use to adopt many bad habits. This is an alarming situation. Another related effect of media is stopping youngs ters from outdoor activities. They spend most of the time in front of PCs and are losing their interest in outdoor games. This results the physical weakness as well as the feeling of loneliness. They are losing their confidence. Some of them feel shy while facing people. Thus excessive use of these useful inventions is creating a new generation with strange qualities. Development of destructive weapons: Another great misuse of science is weaponsdevelopment. Man started making weapons for hunting and defense purposes. As science raised everything, weapons also kept on being more and more harmful with the passage of time. Unaware of the results, man even made nuclear bomb for his own destruction. Mahatma Gandhi said, Science without humanity is a sin. But nuclear bomb has been handed over to wild politicians who are using it as a tool to show off their power. Bombs may blow the planet up in minutes, a few blastsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. and deep silence forever! Just imagine! Science made future of planet earth so uncertain. Pollution: Many scientific activities and appliances are participating in causing pollution. For example burning of fuel in vehicles and factories causes many harmful factors polluting environment. Most common of them are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Both of these are suffocating. Carbon dioxide is playing main role in global warming. Another pollutant ClCF2 was found responsible for ozone layer destruction. It is produced by air conditioners and refrigerators commonly used on earth. The polluted water from industries gets mixed with water used for drinking and causes lots of diseases. Waste materials from factories also change acidity of soil as well. Vehicles, making noise, also participate in noise pollution. Drugs: Use of science in drug development is another frightening thing. Science made drugs cheaper and thus easily available. New drugs are being introduced by using various scientific methods. Almost everyone use to smoke and snuff. Other drugs like opium and heroin are also being used frequently. All this shows that science is indeed a great power. It has magical effects. Everyone can make progress in this field. Everything around us is a mystery. We just have to reveal these secrets. As Marie Curie said, Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fearless. There is an order in occurrence of each phenomenon in the universe. As Elbert Einstein said God does not play dice with universe. We just have to understand that order. This is science. The direction of this journey must always be set by religion. Because religion allows us to take steps for human welfare only.

Stranger Paper :: essays research papers

I know my subject by his first name only, Maynard, by listening to his frequent conversations with his close friend Rolando I have discovered they enjoy talking about alcoholic beverages, movies, and video games among other things. He is of average height and a slim build with frizzy short black hair and wears glasses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My first impression after observing Maynard for a short period of time was he might be shy and/or nervous in social situations even when interacting with a close friend. I came about this assumption by observing him look away from the listener when he (Maynard) laughs, he also fidgets with his hands by rubbing them together, etc. when being spoken to, he also spins his pen often. Another reason why I assume he is nervous is the manner in which he moves, all his movements are quick and sudden. His lack of participation in class discussion and in answering questions also fortified my assertion that he is shy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stemming from his shyness, I believe he is in a way, dependant on his friend Rolando’s social interactions and approval of him. He often sits to the side, ready to converse with him. He also covers his mouth/lower face with his hand by resting his head on his hand in various ways when facing the class as if he were cradling him self or hiding. I do not observe this behavior when he is talking to Rolando. This leads me to assume he suffers from some degree of insecurity. And I have yet to observe him to speak with anyone but Rolando until he asked me what he could write about me (what a coincidence).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly I gather from my observations that Maynard is a humble and laid back individual. His hair is frizzy and easy to maintain. He does not dress flamboyantly and he lets his mustache grow out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As for significant information I have learned about Maynard, I learned he holds his friends in high esteem and depends on his relationships with them greatly. He does not interact in moderately large social groups well, but does listen attentively. And he may be a little edgy. I find that the subjects ignorance to his observation or lack of attention given to it, is a strength of this type of research.